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The copyright certification exam is a rigorous and comprehensive test of an individual’s knowledge and skills in the field of information security. copyright exam covers eight domains, including security and risk management, asset security, security engineering, communication and network security, identity and access management, security assessment and testing, security operations, and software development security. Candidates are required to demonstrate their knowledge and skills across all these domains to pass the exam.

ISC copyright (copyright Security Professional) Certification Exam is a highly respected certification that validates the skills and knowledge of information security professionals. copyright Security Professional (copyright) certification exam covers a wide range of topics related to information security and is designed to test the candidate’s knowledge, skills, and abilities in managing and protecting information assets. Obtaining the copyright Certification can help professionals advance their careers and increase their earning potential, while also demonstrating a commitment to the field of information security.

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ISC copyright Security Professional (copyright) Sample Questions (Q124-Q129):

NEW QUESTION # 124
Which of the following open source software issues pose the MOST risk to an application?

A. The software has multiple Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and only some are remediated.

B. The software is not used or popular in the development community.

C. The software is beyond end of life and the vendor is out of business.

D. The software has multiple Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) but the CVEs are classified as low risks.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Section: Mixed questions

NEW QUESTION # 125
A network-based vulnerability assessment is a type of test also referred to as:

A. A routing vulnerability assessment.

B. A host-based vulnerability assessment.

C. An active vulnerability assessment.

D. A passive vulnerability assessment.

Answer: C

Explanation:
A network-based vulnerability assessment tool/system either re-enacts system attacks, noting and recording responses to the attacks, or probes different targets to infer weaknesses from their responses.
Since the assessment is actively attacking or scanning targeted systems, network-based
vulnerability assessment systems are also called active vulnerability systems.
There are mostly two main types of test:
PASSIVE: You don't send any packet or interact with the remote target. You make use of public
database and other techniques to gather information about your target.
ACTIVE: You do send packets to your target, you attempt to stimulate response which will help
you in gathering information about hosts that are alive, services runnings, port state, and more.
See example below of both types of attacks:
Eavesdropping and sniffing data as it passes over a network are considered passive attacks
because the attacker is not affecting the protocol, algorithm, key, message, or any parts of the
encryption system. Passive attacks are hard to detect, so in most cases methods are put in place
to try to prevent them rather than to detect and stop them.
Altering messages , modifying system files, and masquerading as another individual are acts that
are considered active attacks because the attacker is actually doing something instead of sitting
back and gathering data. Passive attacks are usually used to gain information prior to carrying out
an active attack.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
On the commercial vendors will sometimes use different names for different types of scans.
However, the exam is product agnostic. They do not use vendor terms but general terms.
Experience could trick you into selecting the wrong choice sometimes. See feedback from Jason
below:
"I am a system security analyst. It is my daily duty to perform system vulnerability analysis. We
use Nessus and Retina (among other tools) to perform our network based vulnerability scanning.
Both commercially available tools refer to a network based vulnerability scan as a "credentialed"
scan. Without credentials, the scan tool cannot login to the system being scanned, and as such
will only receive a port scan to see what ports are open and exploitable"
Reference(s) used for this question:
Harris, Shon (2012-10-18). copyright All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 865). McGraw-Hill.
Kindle Edition.
and
DUPUIS, Clement, Access Control Systems and Methodology copyright Open Study Guide, version
10, march 2002 (page 97).

NEW QUESTION # 126
Which of the following was the first mathematical model of multilevel security policy?

A. Take-Grant

B. Clark Wilson

C. Bell-La Padula

D. Biba

Answer: C

Explanation:
"In the 1970's, the US military used time-sharing mainframe systems and was concerned about these systems and leakage of classified information. The Bell-LaPadula model was developed to address these concerns. It was the first mathematical model of a multilevel security policy used to define the concept of a secure state machine and modes of access and outline rules of access." Pg 212 Shon Harris: All-in-One copyright Certification

NEW QUESTION # 127
Which of the following combinations would MOST negatively affect availability?

A. Unauthorized transactions and outdated hardware

B. Unauthorized transactions and denial of service attacks

C. Fire and accidental changes to data

D. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and outdated hardware

Answer: D

Explanation:
The combination that would most negatively affect availability is denial of service (DoS) attacks and outdated hardware. Availability is the property or the condition of a system or a network to be accessible and usable by the authorized users or customers, whenever and wherever they need it. Availability can be measured by various metrics, such as uptime, downtime, response time, or reliability. Availability can be affected by various factors, such as hardware, software, network, human, or environmental factors. Denial of service (DoS) attacks and outdated hardware are two factors that can negatively affect availability, as they can cause or contribute to the following consequences:
* Denial of service (DoS) attacks are malicious attacks that aim to disrupt or degrade the availability of a system or a network, by overwhelming or exhausting its resources, such as bandwidth, memory, or processing power, with a large number or a high frequency of requests or packets. Denial of service (DoS) attacks can prevent or delay the legitimate users or customers from accessing or using the system or the network, and they can cause errors, failures, or crashes to the system or the network.
* Outdated hardware are hardware components that are old, obsolete, or unsupported, and that do not meet the current or the expected requirements or standards of the system or the network, such as performance, functionality, or security. Outdated hardware can reduce or limit the availability of the system or the network, as they can cause malfunctions, breakdowns, or incompatibilities to the system or the network, and they can be difficult or costly to maintain, repair, or replace.
The combination of denial of service (DoS) attacks and outdated hardware would most negatively affect availability, as they can have a synergistic or a cumulative effect on the system or the network, and they can exacerbate or amplify each other's impact. For example, denial of service (DoS) attacks can exploit or target the vulnerabilities or the weaknesses of the outdated hardware, and they can cause more damage or disruption to the system or the network. Outdated hardware can increase or prolong the susceptibility or the recovery of the system or the network to the denial of service (DoS) attacks, and they can reduce or hinder the resilience or the mitigation of the system or the network to the denial of service (DoS) attacks. Unauthorized transactions and outdated hardware, fire and accidental changes to data, and unauthorized transactions and denial of service attacks are not the combinations that would most negatively affect availability, although they may be related or possible combinations. Unauthorized transactions and outdated hardware are two factors that can negatively affect the confidentiality and the integrity of the data, rather than the availability of the system or the network, as they can cause or contribute to the following consequences:
* Unauthorized transactions are malicious or improper activities that involve accessing, modifying, or transferring the data on a system or a network, without the permission or the consent of the owner or the custodian of the data, such as theft, fraud, or sabotage. Unauthorized transactions can compromise or
* damage the confidentiality and the integrity of the data, as they can expose or disclose the data to unauthorized parties, or they can alter or destroy the data.
* Outdated hardware are hardware components that are old, obsolete, or unsupported, and that do not meet the current or the expected requirements or standards of the system or the network, such as performance, functionality, or security. Outdated hardware can compromise or damage the confidentiality and the integrity of the data, as they can be vulnerable or susceptible to attacks or errors, or they can be incompatible or inconsistent with the data.
Fire and accidental changes to data are two factors that can negatively affect the availability and the integrity of the data, rather than the availability of the system or the network, as they can cause or contribute to the following consequences:
* Fire is a physical or an environmental hazard that involves the combustion or the burning of a material or a substance, such as wood, paper, or plastic, and that produces heat, light, or smoke. Fire can damage or destroy the availability and the integrity of the data, as it can consume or melt the physical media or devices that store the data, such as hard disks, tapes, or CDs, or it can corrupt or erase the data on the media or devices.
* Accidental changes to data are human or operational errors that involve modifying or altering the data on a system or a network, without the intention or the awareness of the user or the operator, such as typos, misconfigurations, or overwrites. Accidental changes to data can damage or destroy the availability and the integrity of the data, as they can make the data inaccessible or unusable, or they can make the data inaccurate or unreliable.
Unauthorized transactions and denial of service attacks are two factors that can negatively affect the confidentiality and the availability of the system or the network, rather than the availability of the system or the network, as they can cause or contribute to the following consequences:
* Unauthorized transactions are malicious or improper activities that involve accessing, modifying, or transferring the data on a system or a network, without the permission or the consent of the owner or the custodian of the data, such as theft, fraud, or sabotage. Unauthorized transactions can compromise or damage the confidentiality and the availability of the system or the network, as they can expose or disclose the data to unauthorized parties, or they can consume or divert the resources of the system or the network.
* Denial of service (DoS) attacks are malicious attacks that aim to disrupt or degrade the availability of a system or a network, by overwhelming or exhausting its resources, such as bandwidth, memory, or processing power, with a large number or a high frequency of requests or packets. Denial of service (DoS) attacks can compromise or damage the confidentiality and the availability of the system or the network, as they can prevent or delay the legitimate users or customers from accessing or using the system or the network, and they can cause errors, failures, or crashes to the system or the network.

NEW QUESTION # 128
Which protocol matches an Ethernet address to an Internet Protocol (IP) address?

A. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

B. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

C. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

D. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

Answer: D

Explanation:
"As with ARP, Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) frames go to all systems on the subnet, but only the RARP server responds. Once the RARP server receives this request, it looks in its table to see which IP address matches the broadcast hardware address. The server then sends a message back to the requesting computer that contains its IP address. The system now has an IP address and can function on the network." Pg 357 Shon Harris: All-in-One copyright Certification

NEW QUESTION # 129
......

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